Cover Image

Redox potentials of the 0.66LiF-0.34BeF2 system containing NiF2, FeF2 and CrF2 additions

Stepan P. Arkhipov, Yury P. Zaikov, Pavel A. Arkhipov, Albert R. Mullabaev

Abstract


The redox potentials of the molten mixture of lithium and beryllium fluorides containing nickel, iron, and chromium fluorides (LiF-BeF2-NiF2; LiF-BeF2-FeF2; LiF-BeF2-CrF2) were measured at the temperatures of 923, 973 and 1023 K with different concentrations of nickel, iron and chromium fluorides in the melt. The experimental dependencies of redox potentials of the studied systems were obtained using a molybdenum indicator electrode. Redox potentials were found to change linearly as the temperature increased in the whole studied ranges of temperature and nickel, iron and chromium difluoride concentration. The comparative analysis of data allowed concluding that the values of the equilibrium potentials realized at the nickel, iron, and chromium electrode surfaces are close to the value of the molybdenum indicator electrode, measured in the same salt systems.

Keywords


nickel; iron; chromium; redox potential; fluoride melt

Full Text:

PDF

References


Glassner A, Recent progress in molten salt reactor development, USA, rept. ANL 5750, 1958.

Mc Coy HE, Status of materials development for molten salt reactor, USA, rept. ORNL / TM-5920, 1978.

Zaikov YuP, Khokhlov VA, Afonichkin VK, Volkov SV, Omelchuk AA. Some problems of new generation molten salt reactor chemistry. In: XVI Russian Conference on Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry of Molten and Solid Electrolytes; 2013 Sep 16–20; Ekaterinburg, Russia. pp. 87–88.

Ignatiev VV, Abalin SS, Gurov MY, Zakirov RY, et al., Reactor with circulating fuel based on molten metal fluorides for Np, Am, Cm incineration, At. Energy, 129 (2021) 122–126. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10512-021-00722-x

Ignat’ev VV, Subbotin SA, Feinberg OS, Accident resistance of molten-salt nuclear reactor, At. Energy, 124 (2018) 371–378. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10512-018-0425-2

Lizin A, Tomilin S, Ponomarev LI, Fedorov YS, Hirose Y, Fast-spectrum, liquid-fueled reactors, Molten Salt React. Thorium Energy, 86 (2017) 375–433. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-101126-3.00012-9

Ponomarev LI, Seregin MB, Parshin AP, Mel’nikov SA, et al., Fuel salt for the molten-salt reactor, At. Energy, 115 (2013) 5–10. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10512-013-9739-2

Nikitina EV, Karfidov EA, Zaikov YuP, Corrosion of advanced metal materials in fluoride melts for liquid salt reactors, The Melts, 1 (2021) 21–45. https://dx.doi.org/10.31857/S0235010621010072. Russian.

Surenkov AI, Ignat’ev VV, Abalin SS, Konakov SA, Uglov VS, Corrosion resistance and mechanical stability of nickel alloys in molten-salt nuclear reactors, At. Energy, 124 (2018) 43–49. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10512-018-0372-y

Olson LC, Ambrosek JW, Sridharan K, Anderson MH, Allen TR, Materials corrosion in molten LiF-NaF-KF salt, J. Fluor. Chem., 130(1) (2009) 67–73. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfluchem.2008.05.008

Zheng G, Kelleher B, He L, Cao G, et al., High-temperature corrosion of UNS N10003 in molten Li2BeF4 (FLiBe) salt, Corrosion, 71(10) (2015) 1257–1266. https://dx.doi.org/10.5006/1657

Wang Y, Liu H, Yu G, Hou J, Zeng C, Electrochemical study of the corrosion of a Ni-based alloy GH3535 in molten (Li,Na,K)F at 700 °C, J. Fluor. Chem., 178 (2015) 14–22. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfluchem.2015.06.014

Kondo M, Nagasaka T, Xu Q, Muroga T, et al., Corrosion characteristics of reduced activation ferritic steel, JLF-1 (8.92Cr-2W) in molten salts Flibe and FLinak, Fusion Eng. Des., 84(7–11) (2009) 1081–1085. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fusengdes.2009.02.046

Koger JW. Chromium depletion and void formation in Fe-Ni-Cr alloys during molten salt corrosion and related processes. In: Fontana, M.G., Staehle, R.W. (eds) Advances in Corrosion Science and Technology. Springer: Boston, MA; 1974. 245–318 pp. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-9059-0_4

McCoy HE. The INOR-8 story, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Tennesy, USA, 1969.

Zhang J, Forsberg CW, Simpson MF, Guo S, et al., Redox potential control in molten salt systems for corrosion mitigation, Corros. Sci., 144 (2018) 44–53. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2018.08.035

Cheng Z, Zhao Z, Geng J, Wang X, et al., A new method for monitoring the redox potential of fuel salt based on the deposition of 95Nb on Hastelloy C276, Radiochim. Acta, 109(5) (2021) 357–365. https://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ract-2021-1011

Zuo Y, Peng H, Ji N, Huang W, Gong Y, Electrochemical study of Eu(III)/Eu(II) in LiF-BeF2 molten salt, J. Electrochem. Soc., 170(1) (2023) 013502. https://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/acb01a

Zhao Z, Geng J, Cheng Z, Li W, et al., Control and surveillance of redox potential for 233Pa dissolution in 2LiF-BeF2 molten salt, RSC Adv., 14(23) (2024) 15994–16000. https://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d4ra02114b

Keiser JR, Devan JH, Manning DL. Corrosion resistance of type 316 stainless steel to Li2BeF4, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, USA, 1977, ORNL/TM--5782.

Afonichkin VK, Bovet AL, Ignatiev VV, Panov AV, et al., Dynamic reference electrode for investigation of fluoride melts containing beryllium difluoride, J. Fluor. Chem., 130(1) (2009) 83–88. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfluchem.2008.07.017

Kelleher B, Dolan K, Anderson M, Sridharan K, Observed redox potential range of Li2BeF4 using a dynamic reference electrode, Nucl. Technol., 195 (2017) 239–252. https://dx.doi.org/10.13182/nt15-140

Chuikin AYu, Zaikov YuP, Isakov AV, Suzdaltsev AV, et al., inventors; Mining and Chemical Combine (GKhK), assignee. Ustroistvo izmereniya okislitelno-vosstanovitelnogo potentsiala soley. Russian Federation patent RU 2782179. 2022 Oct 21. Russian.

Artamonov AS, Zaikov YuP, Suzdaltsev AV, Arkhipov SP, et al., inventors; JSC «Science and Innovations», assignee. Ustroistvo izmereniya okislitelno-vosstanovitelnogo potentsiala rasplavlennykh smesey na osnove systemy LiF-BeF2. Russian Federation patent RU 2774309. 2022 Jun 17. Russian.

Arkhipov SP, Zaikov YP, Arkhipov PA, Mullabaev AR, Electrochemical behavior of chromium difluoride in molten lithium and beryllium fluoride mixtures, J. Electrochem. Soc., 170 (2023) 102506. https://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ad02c1

Smirnov MV. Elektrodniye potencialy v rasplavlennykh sredakh [Electrode potentials in chloride melts], Moscow: Nauka; 1973. 247 p. Russian.

Arkhipov SP, Zaikov YuP, Arkhipov PA, Isakov AV. Influence of the NiF2 concentration on the fluoride melts redox potential. In: The First All-Russian seminar “Electrochemistry in distributed and atomic energy”; 2022 Sep 18–22; Nalchik, Russia. pp. 192–196.

Arkhipov SP, Zaikov YP, Arkhipov PA, Mullabaev AR, Interaction between iron fluoride and molten FLiBe, Processes, 10(12) (2022) 2742. https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr10122742

Roine A. HSC Chemistry® [Software], Outotec, Pori 2018. Software available at www.outotec.com/HSC

Baes Jr CF. The Chemistry and Thermodynamics of Molten-Salt-Reactor Fluoride Solutions. USA; 1965. 36 p. https://dx.doi.org/10.2172/4576123




DOI: https://doi.org/10.15826/elmattech.2026.5.069

Copyright (c) 2026 Stepan P. Arkhipov, Yury P. Zaikov, Pavel A. Arkhipov, Albert R. Mullabaev

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.